Archive for December, 2008

The Current Price of Oil Must Change - or We Must Change our Lifestyles

Wednesday, December 31st, 2008
Dave Simpson asked:


Unless the current price of oil declines swiftly and dramatically, the American people will suffer the worst socioeconomic conditions in living history. People won’t be able to pay even their basic utility bills, debt will escalate as food and manufactured goods get more expensive and domestic and commercial foreclosures will increase. The same economic decline will also cause a corresponding increase in crime, strikes will become more commonplace and we may even see tax revolts, gas riots and many more kinds of protest. These will increasingly become violent as desperate citizens resort to drastic measures to save their incomes, homes and livelihoods. Millions of elderly people, people on low and fixed incomes and paycheck-to-paycheck people won’t be able to heat their homes, put gas in their cars or simply cover their basic living expenses.

The facts are stark. For the majority of working people, wages are effectively falling due to huge inflationary price rises, their investments are failing, pensions are becoming worthless overnight, and even the value of their home is receding. Its not a pretty picture.

Many people are being forced to choose between filling the gas tank or feeding the family. Without cash to cover for rising living costs, many people will resort to buying staple items such as gas and food on credit card, simply storing todays problems up for release tomorrow, or the day after.

So, what can you do. Well, one thing is for certain, theres no simple solution. We can all sit around and hope that things will get better, but that doesn’t look likely, or we can start to take matters into our own hands. I’m not talking about marching on the White house, rather becoming less dependent on oil and making more use of cheaper, renewable energy sources.

First, you can get substantial increases in your gas mileage by employing sensible driving techniques. Known as hypermiling, you can effectively double the amount of miles per gallon that you get, thus effectively halving your gas bill.

Next, you can make use of renewable energy sources at home. Solar, wind and even hydro power can be used to dramatically reduce the amount of power you consume and keep your utility bills in check.

Finally, consider growing your own vegetables organically, they taste better and are much cheaper than you can buy them for in the stores. If you have the space, you can even rear some chickens or small animals as a food source.

One thing is for certain, we all need to start making changes to our consumerist lifestyle. Failing to do so will only lead to deeper economic problems and social unrest in the very near future.

 



Green Grid Guidelines for Energy Efficient Data Centers

Sunday, December 28th, 2008
Lisa RiCharde asked:


Data center cooling requirements for high-heat density servers are driving power demand and taxing the normal data center operational procedures. The good news is there are solutions to this growing problem and IT managers are able to kill two birds with one stone. By fine-tuning data center energy architecture, corporations can reduce their energy consumption while achieving their green data center goals.

This white paper, by The Green Grid, provides guidelines to migrate existing, traditional energy consuming data centers into green, energy efficient data centers that deliver the required data center cooling. It presents how data center energy savings can be accomplished, sometimes by a 90% energy reduction, by making improvements from both an equipment-planning perspective and an operational-practices perspective.

This white paper’s guidelines include:



Engineering for Efficiency



Data center system design

Floor layout

Proper configuration of server software

Location of vented floor tiles

Right sized Physical Infrastructure components





Deploying Efficiency



Installing energy efficient power equipment

The trend towards closed-coupled cooling

Using virtualization to consolidate existing and future workload

Installing energy efficient lighting

Installing blanking panels in racks

Plumbing for rack level cooling

Development of new server replacement policies





Operating for Efficiency



Utilization of air conditioning economizer modes

Coordination of air conditioners





Organizing for Efficiency



Alignment of staff

Migration from a traditional energy consuming data center to a modern

energy efficient data center





Conclusion

Check list

Strategies can be used immediate or over time

Systematic changes can result in up to 90% reduction in data center electric

bill



To download the complete white paper, please visit: http://www.42u.com/energy-efficient-datacenter.htm.



Wind Power–The Best Green Energy Source

Friday, December 26th, 2008
John Mowatt asked:


Electricity produced by wind turbines is green power in that it causes no environmental pollution. No greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change are produced either. Wind power generation can be on a large scale,which is the case with most commercial projects,or on a small scale as with home owner turbines.

Wind is the cheapest form of renewable energy without a doubt. Solar energy is also clean,green,power but is more expensive and limited in output. Solar panels are presently expensive in relation to the power they can produce. Nuclear energy supplies a lot of the power requirements in some countries,notably in Europe.

There is however much public opposition to building new nuclear power plants.

In the USA natural gas is the biggest form of new energy production. Wind power is the next in line. In 2008 wind turbines will produce about 1% of the United States power needs. Around 30% of new energy production installed in 2007 was wind power.

Many consumers now realise that green energy must be our highest priority in future,if we are to minimise climate change and it effects. The trend to building fossil fuel powered generating stations must be reversed.

Home owners and farmers can help with the transition to clean power by installing small wind turbines to supply all or part of their electricity needs. These turbines can be purchased from a number of manufacturers and can be installed as a rooftop wind turbine or on a small free standing tower.

Commercial wind turbines are quite expensive in relation to power output. A better solution for many is to build their own low cost wind turbine. A good turbine can be built from auto parts and a few odds and ends at very low cost. Plans and instructions are available for this project.

Any excess power production can be sold to the power utility in many areas thus reducing the cost even further. Power can also be stored in batteries for use when the wind is too light. Even a light breeze will however produce power.

The average home owner can easily build a small wind turbine or several of them to supply part or all of the power required. All that is needed is simple tools and some auto parts and wood. Several can be built for the cost of one commercial wind turbine.

Not a bad business also for anyone who wants to make them for resale. The demand for a low cost turbine is there and can only grow in years ahead.

Why not build your own wind power turbine now and produce your own free green electricity. You will be doing mother earth a favor by reducing atmospheric pollution. This is an idea whose time has come.



The Benefits Vehicles Powered by Biodiesel Fuel

Tuesday, December 23rd, 2008
Andrew Bicknell asked:


As the need for cheaper alternative fuel sources increases those who already are producing and using their own biodiesel fuel are beginning to understand and appreciate just how beneficial this form of fuel is. If you are wondering if biodiesel is in your future here are some of the benefits of producing and using this fuel source for your vehicle.

The biggest benefit to using this form of alternative fuel is the fact that its source of production is completely renewable. Because it can be processed and refined from vegetable oil it doesn’t suffer the same problems as the world’s finite supply of crude oil. And the best part is you can use either virgin vegetable oils such as canola, corn, and many others or you can use oils that have already been used, which in most cases involves the preparation of food.

This is probably one of the biggest upsides to filling up your gas tank with biodiesel; the ability to recycle used cooking oils for use in a clean burning, environmentally friendly fuel source. There have also been successful attempts to extract biodiesel fuel from other source including raw sewage and seaweed. This may sound far fetched but there are ways to extract contaminants from biodiesel as it is being refined, resulting in a clean burning fuel.

Another benefit that was unexpected was biodiesels ability to help clean internal engine parts such as the fuel filter and fuel injectors. These two engine parts are notoriously known for getting fouled up with fuel deposits leading to less then optimal engine response. Studies show that biodiesel actually cleans away these deposits which helps increase engine performance and life.

In fact it is recommended that once the switch to biodiesel is made you should replace your fuel filter after the first 600 to 800 miles of operation with the new fuel. The biodiesel will clean out the fuel system and the residue will soon clog the existing fuel filter. Once you replace the filter you need not worry about performance robbing fuel deposits ever again. Not only will you see an increase in engine performance but your engine should run more efficiently as well.

These are but a few of the benefits of using biodiesel fuel. Others include the ease with which it can be made, in many cases right in your own backyard with a minimal investment that will soon pay for itself. If this sounds like something you are interested in then spend some time researching biodiesel and what this alternative fuel can do for you.



Biodiesel and the Kyoto Protocol

Tuesday, December 23rd, 2008
Mervyn Rees asked:


(c) 2008 Mervyn Rees

I thought I would talk about some aspects affecting the production of biodiesel.

The Kyoto Protocol goes by a number of aliases: The Kyoto Treaty, The Kyoto Accord, or The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

It does not stand alone but is actually an amendment to a larger body of work by the United Nations on climate change. The larger body of work is a treaty on managing environmental change by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. It came into being in 1992 at a summit in Rio De Janeiro, but since it is a treaty and does not hold countries accountable to make any changes, an amendment was added to it, called a protocol, to help nations take action in response to the treaty. The goal is to stabilize the amount and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Since then, the Kyoto Protocol has eclipsed the treaty itself in terms of assumed effectiveness and controversy. Countries who choose to ratify the Kyoto Protocol are committing to the reduction of six greenhouse gas emissions including carbon monoxide, or developing measures to deal with those commitments if they cannot fill them.

There were two conditions for the Kyoto Protocol to enter into force. The first condition was that no fewer than 55 participants in the convention needed to ratify the protocol. This was agreed on May 23, 2002 when Iceland ratified the protocol. The second condition was that countries who participated in producing a leased 55% of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 needed to ratify the protocol as well. Russia’s ratification on November 18, 2004 met the second condition needed to put the Kyoto Protocol into force. Ninety days after the conditions were met, on February 16th 2005, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force.

The United States and Australia have not ratified the Kyoto Protocol. In spite of that, 157 nations have ratified the protocol, which represents 61% of global greenhouse gas production.

The legally binding protocol calls for countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 5.2%, compared to the emissions produced in 1990. While the average is 5.2%, different countries have different targets to aim for: Japan needs to reduce its emissions by 6%, Australia by 8%, the US by 7%, and Iceland by 10%. The reduction needs to affect the following greenhouse gases:

* Carbon dioxide * Methane * Nitrous oxide * Sulphur hexafluoride * HFCs * PFCs

Countries who exceed these targets earn “credits” that they can sell to other countries that are not yet able to meet those targets. Credits are also earned by countries with large forested regions that turn carbon dioxide into oxygen. So countries who can quickly exceed emissions standards or who can create Kyoto Protocol forest areas have financial incentive to do so.

Cleaner, breathable air, a clearer sky, and a reduction in global warming are noble pursuits. So why has the Kyoto Protocol received so much controversy and attention and not been ratified by everyone?

Objections and criticisms

There are a number of objections and criticisms to the Kyoto Protocol. Here are some of them:

* By 2050, if the Kyoto Protocol is successful, the global warming trend will be reduced by one third to one half of a degree annually. Unless other modifications are made, Kyoto Protocol will be ineffective at reducing global warming in a largely measurable way.

* Both the United States and Australia have not ratified the protocol because of concerns over the economic ramifications resulting from sweeping changes that need to be made by industries. Other countries, like Canada, have ratified the protocol but with a lot of national controversy for the same reason.

* Credits earned from planting a ‘Kyoto Protocol Forest’ sound like a great idea, except that the first 10 years of a new forest tend to produce more carbon dioxide than it reduces, because new forests help to release carbon dioxide that is locked in the ground.

* China, who is the second-largest greenhouse gas emitter in the world, is exempt from ratifying the Kyoto protocol or being bound to it because it does not belong to a specific class of countries: those who were producing excessive greenhouse gases during the growth in industry that the UN feels contributed to current concentrations. In fact, China’s usage is on the rise, increasing 40% between 1990 and 2003.

* Because of the variety of credit-selling opportunities as well as responsibilities to share knowledge with non-industrialized countries, some people see the Kyoto Protocol as a global social movement to spread wealth from the “have” countries to the “have-not” countries instead of effectively addressing climate change.

* As well, the law of supply and demand suggests that a reduction in fossil fuel usage by industrialized nations will lead to a reduction in overall prices for fossil fuels, allowing non-industrialized nations, who are not bound by the Kyoto Protocol, to burn more fossil fuels at a cheaper price without any restrictions.

* Lastly, critics say that the Kyoto Protocol only addresses the problem with an immediate, short-term solution. Critics suggest that the Kyoto Protocol, or something like it, needs to address greater issues such as population explosion, which has a huge effect on global warming.

Who wins?

If the Kyoto Protocol is successful in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we will all win with a reduction in global warming. But there are others who will win in a different way:

* Kyoto Protocol measurements are based on emissions produced in 1990 and ratifying countries are measured against that number as a benchmark. Russia, however, because of its collapse, will easily meet its 1990 number, and its benchmark is set at 0%. This means that it should continuously generate credits which can be purchased by other countries. This means that reactionary spending by other countries will push millions of dollars to Russia.

* The Kyoto Protocol also requires industrialized nations to provide information and support to non-industrialized nations attempting to make leaps and bounds in technology and power generation. So countries like the United States will be expected to provide assistance and support to countries like India and China who both have a lot of people and are struggling to become industrialized nations. In both situations, by supporting the Kyoto Protocol, they receive financial assistance but have no parameters in which to operate once they do achieve industrialization.



Green Hosting Sites: Environmentally Responsible

Tuesday, December 23rd, 2008
Joe Deacon asked:


In today’s world, our environment needs to be one of our top priorities. Many businesses have adopted green practices to help our environment. These can include something as simple as recycling printer and copier cartridges to using solar power for electricity. These businesses, together with individuals, can make a great positive impact on our world.

How to Make Your Site Environment-Friendly

Nowadays, you can even find website hosting services that are environmentally friendly. Renewable sources of power, such as wind and solar energy are used to provide the electricity to power the servers for these host companies. These servers put off a great deal of heat and these companies are trying to put a balance on the footprint they are leaving behind. They stay informed of the latest technologies in an effort to protect the planet we all have to share.

Green solutions to environmental problems usually cost more than traditional services. The technology must be put in place for the service before it can even be offered to the customers. However, a few sites have worked hard to keep their operating costs to a minimum and they are passing those savings onto their customers.

Take a Look at These ‘Green’ Website Hosts!

·         Green Avocado - Green Avocado is a unique company that balances the needs of their customers with the environmental needs of the planet. For every new account, the company plants a tree to help lessen global warming emissions. The company ensures that they are completely carbon-neutral so they can leave as small a footprint on the world as possible.

·         Hostpapa - Hostpapa purchases all of their energy from a certified green energy supplier in the form of green energy tags. These green energy tags are used to calculate how much energy is used by Hostpapa. The supplier then puts this much energy back into the power grid.

·         Think Host - Think Host is another environmentally friendly web hosting company. This company is powered completely by wind and sun power. Most of their employees telecommute. Very little paper is used because most of their information is stored electronically. This company also plants a tree for each new customer.

·         Ethical Hosting - Ethical Hosting’s slogan reads “Green Hosting, Social Conscience.” One hundred percent of their electricity comes in the form of green tags, and the company donates ten percent of all revenue pretax to social and environmental organizations.

With global warming already at our door, it is important that all of us pitch in anyway we can. Many of these green hosting companies are able to reduce carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to two cars on the highway for a full year. With less power, fuel, paper and the use of recyclables, these companies are able to make a substantial impact on today’s fragile environment. Now, wouldn’t you want to be part of this movement?



Fuel Economy Kits. if You Want Fuel Economy and Power These Fuel Economy Kits are a Must

Sunday, December 21st, 2008
Travis Ellis asked:


There is a debate about how to achieve oil independence. Should we increase drilling in America and off our shores, should we reduce consumption, should we build more refineries, should we explore alternative energy sources, should we legislate greater fuel economy for our vehicles or do we attack the problem by working on all the solutions?

Most Americans want us to become energy independent as soon as possible while some still resist more drilling at home. And so the political debate continues. Whether we drill more, build more refineries, develop alternative energy sources or increase the fuel economy of our vehicles will depend on our legislators reaching some compromise and passing new law as the current laws restrict most of the solutions. As our politicians continue the debate, the price of oil continues to rise. American families struggle with the rising cost of gasoline, food and other commodities. And our economy is in a mess.

Private sector scientists have been researching vehicle fuel economy for many years. Most of this research has been conducted by automobile companies. We have seen the miles per gallon for cars gradually increase over the last decade.

Now an independent research firm has developed two devices that you install on your vehicle that will greatly increase the miles per gallon of your current vehicle. The most effective device is called the PICC or Pre-Ignition Catalytic Converter. All cars today have a catalytic converter as a part of the exhaust system. Its function is to break down large gas molecules not burned by the engine into much smaller particles that are then consumed in the exhaust pipe to reduce the harmful emissions into the air. In a revolutionary design, the PICC is installed so the gas flow through the PICC before it gets to your engine. The PICC works similarly to the existing catalytic converter. It breaks down the gas molecules to their most elemental state called plasma. This plasma is then fed to your engine. Plasma burns much more efficiently and cleaner that gas. This added efficiency has been proven in research on actual vehicles to increase the gas mileage 9 times that of gasoline. Can you even imagine that. Vehicles equipped with a PICC are getting well over 100 miles to a gallon of gas. Some are getting almost 200 miles to the gallon. The PICC works on passenger cars, SUV’s, pick-ups and all vehicles new or old. Converting your gas to plasma creates a cleaner burning fuel which will extend the life of your motor and it significantly reduces greenhouse gasses emitted into the environment as well. This product will pay for itself and put extra money in your pocket.

The PICC is custom manufactured to your vehicle’s specifications when your order. The company also offers another product called the HAFC or Hydro-Assist Fuel Cell. This is a kit that is ready for you to install in your car while waiting for your custom PICC to be manufactured. The HAFC is guaranteed to increase your gas mileage by at least 50 percent. Some vehicles have seen an improvement in their gas mileage of up to 300 percent.

These two revolutionary products the PICC and the HAFC are now available to the general public. You can be the first in your neighborhood to have one. Don’t delay. You owe it to yourself and your wallet to investigate these 2 amazing products. You can reduce your gas budget, help our environment and lessen our dependence on foreign oil. The products are guaranteed so you have nothing to lose and so much to gain.



Alternative Energy Resources: The Race Is On

Sunday, December 21st, 2008
Madison Greene asked:


A couple years ago when New York City had its blackout, many people woke up to the fact that we use way too much electricity as an energy source. They had been taking their electricity for granted.

This event also made us aware of other depleting natural resources, such as oil and that these resources as well should not be taken for granted. Pollution, global warming, high oil costs and the threat of running out of non-renewable resources had put a spark back into the search of alternative energy resources.

Although we still have a ways to go good progress is being made. Hybrid vehicles and solar powered homes are beginning to be more accepted as ways of the future and more and more people are using them. Yes you may run into a naysayer on the street, but remember we are making progress and you should always be optimistic towards our future.

What Does It Take To Make People Aware of Alternative Energy Resources?

Most environmentalists have been cautioning the world for years that the current methods of producing electricity are not going to be around forever. Using coal and oil products to turn turbines to make electricity, they warned, is going to deplete the supply and alternative energy resources that will be needed.

They often advised the time to act was before the supplies were gone. Additionally, they stressed the importance of alternative energy resources that did not pollute the air, water and send particulate matter into the wind.

Alternative Energy Technology Still In Its Infancy

The use of water to supply power has been around for decades; seemingly ever since electricity and windmills have been supplying power in many areas of the world. The use of solar power is becoming more acceptable and using the water, wind and sun as alternative energy resources are still being examined. While many technological advances have been made, developing a cost-effective production method is still in its early stages.

Why didn’t we work on this years ago? When these technologies were first introduced there was no real financial incentive to continue development. Prices for coal and oil were still low and methods to clean the air at coal-fired plants kept pollution concerns to a minimum. However, recent increases in coal and oil prices and threat of running out has made the hunt for alternative energy resources more urgent.

Lack Of Competition Keeps Prices High

Many blame the cost of the technology for the prices of using alternative energy resources, but most agree that a lack of competition among companies using them are the biggest culprit. Many contend the prices for alternative energy resources is artificially inflated using the supply and demand calculation that the supply has not increased sufficiently to offset even the slightest increase in demand, which sends prices even higher.

Many countries have initiated incentives for companies and individuals to find alternative energy resources that can save natural resources, reduce prices and save the environment. The scare of global warming has many looking at new methods of producing power without producing a hotter environment.

Right now, it is difficult to find a cheap alternative energy resource for your home for the reasons stated above, but we are making progress, and good progress. Eventually, as technology advances, we may be able to make the alternative energy resources we have a little cheaper.

It is just too bad we procrastinated for so long to get started. Just get educated, stay optimistic, and do your part to convert the energy in your home to an alternative source.



Algae Biodiesel the Fuel of the Future

Saturday, December 20th, 2008
Ron Subs asked:


Most American consumers have been hit hard by soaring gas prices, and many people from individuals to research firms are searching for an alternative fuel source that is renewable, economical, and environmentally friendly.

Biodiesel made from crops such as corn and soybeans is one such alternative that most people are aware of, but another option, algae biodiesel, is one of the newest and most promising fuel sources to date. One thing is for sure, if a solution to the ever increasing gas prices is not found soon millions of people will be unable to afford their daily commute.

Many people have put their hopes in biodiesel made from crops as the solution to oil dependency. However, there are problems with biodiesel made from crops namely the displacement of food and the amount of crops it takes to produce a gallon of oil. Using food crops such as soybeans and corn to produce oil takes away from the amount crops that could have been used for food.

Using food crops to make biodiesel is also not very economical, it takes an acre of soybeans to produce about 50 gallons of biodiesel and an acre of corn to produce only about 20 gallons of biodiesel. Compared to the 5,000 or more gallons of biodieseal produced from one acre of algae, food crops are underperforming.

The fuel consumption for cars, trucks, and other transportation in the US accounts for almost 70% of total oil consumption. While this is a huge chunk of our oil needs, it would take only about 15,000 square miles of algae farms to produce enough biodiesel to meet our transportation needs.

That would be one algae farm that measured 120 miles by 125 miles or 50 algae farms that were only 300 square miles each. With the space requirements feasible, algae bio diesel just may be the fuel of the future as it is economical, renewable, and will not displace food crops.

Making biodiesel from algae is a complicated process, but it is not harder than making it from other sources such as crops or waste oil and it is even possible for consumers to make their own algae biodiesel at home. In fact, making biodiesel from algae is actually easier than from other sources such as waste oil because it does not require the level of filtering or titrating. It is possible that once consumers learn how to make algae bio diesel for themselves that they can in fact become responsible for their own energy needs and stop depending on large energy companies.

This fact has the potential to lower energy prices simply because the big energy companies would not be the only place to get gasoline and heating oil. It is becoming more and more common for individuals to make their own fuel form waste oil but as it become harder to get waste oil form commercial sources many more people will begin to turn to algae as the fuel source of choice.

Although algae biodiesel has been touted as the fuel of the future by many, one thing is for sure, if we do not find alternatives to cut our dependence on gasoline and crude oil, we will continue to struggle as gas prices rise.



How Biodiesel is Made

Saturday, December 20th, 2008
Gloria Smith asked:


With the high cost of oil and gas, biodiesel has increasingly become a popular alternative to the fuel that is sold in gasoline stations that are available for consumption as rich energy sources. It is a non-petroleum-made diesel fuel, which incorporates a dumpy chain alkyl containing ethyl or methyl esters. They are made by trans-esterification of the vegetable oils like groundnut oil, mustard oil, and ghee.

Consider these great benefits—more savings for you and a cleaner and greener planet for every person alive on earth. This is the reason why a lot of people have become curious as to the content of biodiesel and how it is made. The good news is that we can in fact create biodiesel right in our very own homes.

The main ingredient in making biodiesel is vegetable oil—the very same kind of oil that we use in the kitchen for the food that we eat. This can be done with the use of a biodiesel processor. It converts vegetable oil into the fuel that will power a typical diesel engine.

Determine first if the diesel-powered engine that you have will be able to run on biodiesel. You can do this by checking out with the manufacturer of your engine. If your engine is compatible, that will be the time that you can buy your biodiesel processor. Do not worry if the manufacturer says that your engine is not compatible, as there may be other available options. There are some kits that are able to convert engines that show problems when biodiesel is burned. Seek the help of professionals in finding the kit that is fit for your engine. Another option to the right way in making biodiesel is to learn and ask advice from a person who has already has experience with the use of biodiesel.

The raw materials that are used in producing biodiesel are methanol and a certain vegetable product. Corn is actually one of the best vegetable oils commonly in producing biodiesel. Other vegetable products are soybeans and flaxseed.  Mix vegetable oil with just a little bit of methanol. Place the mixture in an alkaline catalyst, say sodium hydroxide, which should just be 1% of the total mixture. Vegetable oils actually comprise triglycerides—compounds of glycerin that has three fatty acids. This whole process separates the glycerin molecule from its three fatty acids, which would eventually be replaced with three methanol molecules. The final product is 10% glycerin byproduct and 90% biodiesel. The process is called ester interchange.

The biodiesel processor that will be used for the above process is very small in size, and may either be purchased as a complete pre-made unit or one that you need to still set up. If you are setting up one of your own, take time out to understand all of the instructions and be aware of the precautionary measures in using the biodiesel processor so that untoward accidents when making your own biodiesel fuel.